https://wikidesk.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=A._P._J._Abdul_KalamA. P. J. Abdul Kalam - Revision history2026-10-17T18:39:51ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.9https://wikidesk.org/index.php?title=A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam&diff=1500&oldid=prevUnknown user: Published via Wikivault Auto-Publisher2026-08-17T06:25:10Z<p>Published via Wikivault Auto-Publisher</p>
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|title=A. P. J. Abdul Kalam — 11th President of India & Missile Scientist<br />
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|description=Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007.<br />
|image=Wikivault-logo_-_Copy.png<br />
|image_alt=Portrait of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam<br />
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{{Biography<br />
| title = A. P. J. Abdul Kalam<br />
| image = Wikivault-logo_-_Copy.png<br />
| image_caption = Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam<br />
| birth_date = 15 October 1931<br />
| birth_place = Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| death_date = 27 July 2015 (aged 83)<br />
| death_place = Shillong, Meghalaya, India<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| profession = Aerospace Scientist, Author, Statesman<br />
| employer = DRDO, ISRO, Government of India<br />
| knownfor = India's civilian space program and military missile development<br />
| education = St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli; Madras Institute of Technology<br />
| awards = Bharat Ratna (1997), Padma Vibhushan (1990), Padma Bhushan (1981)<br />
}}<br />
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'''Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam''' (15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was widely referred to as the "People's President" and the "Missile Man of India."<br />
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== Early Life & Scientific Career ==<br />
Kalam studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).<br />
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He played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.<br />
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== Presidency ==<br />
Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian National Congress.<br />
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== Legacy & Writings ==<br />
Kalam authored several influential books, including ''Wings of Fire'', ''Ignited Minds'', and ''India 2020''. He was awarded India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna, in 1997.<br />
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[[Category:Biographies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists]]</div>Unknown user